Employee List Columns Tab

Use the Columns tab to select or clear columns, change column sequence, provide new column labels, set column widths, or select number and date formats.

Grid Type Columns

Most available columns show data from the Employee Info Center. In addition, you can use this tab to include columns that contain associated data. These are called "grid columns."

The list of columns in this topic includes all available grid columns. However, the grid columns that actually display on the Columns tab vary based on your selection in Grid Type on the General tab of the Options dialog box. The grid column labels begin with the grid type. For example, the each of the contact grid column labels begins with Contacts - Name (, Contacts - Title, and so on).

Time and Expense Columns

Fields related to the Vision Time & Expense applications display only if those applications are installed and activated.

Contents

Field	Description
Employee Number	This column displays the employee identification number.
Full Name	This column displays the employee's last name, first name, and middle initial.
Employee Type	This column displays the employee type (for example, Principal, Manager, or Employee).
Job Cost Rate	This column displays the rate at which Vision applies the employee's hours as costs to projects.
Job Cost Type	This column displays the employee's job cost type: Hourly or Salary.
Job Cost Ovt Pct	This column displays the percentage of the employee's hourly wage that is applied as costs to projects when the employee works standard overtime hours.
Target Ratio	This column displays the percentage of the employee's time that you expect to be charged to regular projects (projects that produce revenue).
Utilization Ratio	The utilization ratio is the maximum percentage of the employee's time for which he or she should be assigned as a named resource on projects. This column is only available if the Vision Planning module is activated.
Status	This column displays the employee's status: Active, Inactive, or Terminated.
Hire Date	This column displays the date on which the employee was hired.
Raise Date	This column displays the date of the employee's last pay increase.
First Name	This column displays the employee's first name.
Last Name	This column displays the employee's last name.
Middle Name	This column displays the employee's middle name.
Prefix	This column displays the prefix or salutation used with the employee's name (for example, Mr., Mrs., or Ms.).
Suffix	This column displays the suffix used with the employee's name (for example, Jr., Sr., or Esq.)
Preferred Name	This column displays the name by which the employee prefers to be addressed.
Title	This column displays the employee's job title or job function.
Organization Name	If your firm uses organizations in Vision, this column displays the organization to which the employee is assigned. If your firm does not use organizations, this column is not available. If you are using the Multicompany feature, the organization in this column represents the employee's home company. The home company is the company that manages the employee's timesheet and expense report processes and that pays the employee.
Supervisor	This column displays the name of the employee's supervisor.
EMail	This column displays the employee's email address.
Work Phone	This column displays the employee's work telephone number.
Work Phone Ext	This column displays the extension for the employee's work telephone.
Mobile Phone	This column displays the employee's cellular phone number.
FAX	This column displays the number for the employee's home fax machine.
Years with Other Firms	This column displays the number of years the employee worked for other firms.
Prior Years with this Firms	The number of years the employee has worked for your firm (if the employee has left your firm and returned).
Is Client/Vendor	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee is a client or a vendor.
Client/Vendor Number	If the employee is a client or vendor, this column displays the client number or vendor number assigned to the employee.
Client/Vendor Number	If the employee is a client or vendor, this column displays the client number or vendor number assigned to the employee.
Client/Vendor Name	If the employee is a client or vendor, this column displays the client name or vendor name.
Concatenated Address	This column displays the employee's street address, city, state, and zip code. The report shows this information in a single column.
Address 1-3	These columns display the employee's street address.
City	This column displays the city from the employee's address.
State	This column displays the two-character abbreviation for the state from the employee's address.
ZIP	This column displays the zip code from the employee's address.
Country	This column displays the country from the employee's address.
Home Phone	This column displays the employee's home telephone number.
Hours Per Day	This column displays the number of hours per day the employee is generally expected to work.
Social Security #	This column displays the employee's Social Security number.
Termination Date	If the employee is terminated, this column displays the date on which the employee last worked for your firm.
Job Cost Ovt-2 Pct	This column displays the percentage of the employee's hourly wage that is applied as costs to projects when the employee works special overtime hours. This column is available only if Enable Secondary Overtime is selected on the General Tab of Accounting System Settings.
Pay Rate	For salaried employees, this column displays the employee's actual pay amount for each payroll period. For hourly employees, it displays their hourly pay rate.
Pay Ovt Pct	This column displays the percentage applied to the employee's payroll rate to calculate standard overtime wages.
Pay Ovt-2 Pct	This column displays the percentage to apply to the employee's payroll rate to calculate special overtime wages. This column is available only if Enable Secondary Overtime is selected on the General Tab of Accounting System Settings.
Pay Type	This column displays the employee's pay type: Hourly or Salary.
Labor Category	This column displays the employee's labor category (for example, Principal, Project Manager, or Architect).
Use Total Hrs as Std	This column indicates how Vision calculates and displays standard hours or amounts for employee on the Time Analysis report: Y (Yes) indicates that Vision uses the total hours worked to determine the standard current, month-to-date (MTD), and year-to-date (YTD) hours or amounts. N (No) indicates that Vision calculates the standard hours or amounts using a formula specified in the employee record.
Provisional Cost Rate	This column displays the cost rate that Vision uses to calculate labor charges at cost for unposted timesheet entries for the employee. This column is only available if your security role has access to employee cost rates.
Provisional Cost Ovt Pct	This column displays the percentage that Vision uses to calculate labor charges at cost rates for unposted overtime hours for the employee. This column is only available if your security role has access to employee cost rates.
Provisional Cost Ovt-2 Pct	This column displays the percentage that Vision uses to calculate labor charges at cost rates for unposted special overtime hours for the employee. This column is only available if Enable Secondary Overtime is selected on the General Tab of Accounting System Settings, and if your security role has access to employee cost rates.
Provisional Bill Rate	This column displays the billing rate that Vision uses to calculate labor charges at billing for unposted timesheet entries for the employee.
Provisional Bill Ovt Pct	This column displays the percentage that Vision uses to calculate labor charges at billing rates for unposted overtime hours for the employee.
Provisional Bill Ovt-2 Pct	This column displays the percentage that Vision uses to calculate labor charges at billing rates for unposted special overtime hours for the employee. This column is only available if Enable Secondary Overtime is selected on the General Tab of Accounting System Settings.
ADP File Number	If you use the ADP Export Utility, this column displays the employee's ADP number.
ADP Company Code	If you use the ADP Export Utility, this column displays the ADP location for the employee.
ADP Rate Code	If you use the ADP Export Utility, this column displays the employee's ADP labor code. The ADP labor code indicates a pay rate that differs from the employee's regular salary or wage.
Primary Skill	This column displays the employee's primary skill.
Skill Level	This column displays the employee's skill level (for example, Good, Proficient, or Expert).
Timesheet Group	This column displays the timesheet group for which this employee has access to timesheets.
Timesheet Admin Level	This column displays the timesheet administrative level for the employee. The following are the available levels: Staff — The employee has access to timesheets for all employees at the staff level. Group — The employee has access to timesheets for all employees within a specific group. System — The employee has access to timesheets for all groups and employees. At least one employee in your firm must have system-level access.
Timesheet Admin Edit	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can edit timesheets to which he or she has access.
Timesheet Admin Approval	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can approve timesheets to which he or she has access before they are posted. If you are using the Multicompany feature and you are using Vision Time and Expense, this column is only available if at least one company in your enterprise has Require timesheets to be approved before posting selected on the Setup tab of Company Timesheet Configuration.
Locale Method	If you are using Vision Payroll, this column displays the locale method specified on the Payroll tab of the Employee Info Center: Follow Project Locale — Vision uses the locale associated with the project rather than locales specified for the employee. Vision calculates and tracks withholding for the employee based on the state or tax locale in Payroll Tax Locale on the Accounting tab of the Project Info Center. If the project has no project locale, Vision uses Default Project Tax Locale on the Payroll tab in the Employee Info Center record. If the project has a value in Payroll Tax Locale but the employee does not have a withholding code set up for that locale, Vision uses Default Project Tax Locale in the Employee Info Center record. % of Wages — Vision distributes withholding across multiple state or tax locales established for the employee. You specify the percent of total taxable wages to which you want to apply each withholding in the State/Local Tax Jurisdiction grid on the Payroll tab in the Employee Info Center. None — You do not track taxable wages and withholding by project locale or by percent of wages for the employee.
Only Include Local Jurisdictions	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not Only Include Local Jurisdictions is selected on the Payroll tab in the Employee Info Center.
Default Project Tax Locale	If Locale Method is set to Follow Project Locale, this column displays the default project locale specified for the employee on the Payroll tab of the Employee Info Center.
Cost Rate Method	If you are using Vision Payroll and Enable cost rate tables is selected in Accounting Configuration, this column displays one of the following cost rate methods: From Employee Cost Rate From Labor Rate Table From Category Rate Table From Labor Code Table None
Cost Rate Table	If you are using Vision Payroll and Enable cost rate tables is selected in Accounting Configuration, this column displays one of the following cost rate tables: Labor Rate Table Category Rate Table Labor Code Table This column is blank if Cost Rate Method contains From Employee Cost Rate.
Pay Rate Method	If you are using Vision Payroll and Enable payrate tables for overriding payrate from Employee Info Center is selected in Payroll Configuration, this column displays one of the following pay rate methods: From Employee Pay Rate From Labor Rate Table From Category Rate Table From Labor Code Table None
Pay Rate Table	If you are using Vision Payroll and Enable payrate tables for overriding payrate from Employee Info Center is selected in Payroll Configuration, this column displays one of the following pay rate tables: Labor Rate Table Category Rate Table Labor Code Table This column is blank if Pay Rate Method contains From Employee Pay Rate.
Check Hours	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not Vision automatically checks the hours entered on the employee's timesheet and compares them to the expected hours per day.
Department	This column displays the department to which the employee is assigned (for example, A-Architectural, C-Civil, or L-Landscape Design).
Staff	This column displays the employee's default staff code (second labor code level).
Phase	This column displays the employee's default phase code (third labor code level).
Service	This column displays the employee's default service code (fourth labor code level).
Allow Change Labor Code	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can charge time to a labor code other than the default labor code.
Expense Report Group	This column displays the expense report group for which this employee has access to expense reports.
Expense Report Admin Level	This column displays the expense report administrative level for the employee. The following are the available levels: Staff — The employee has access to expense reports, but he or she cannot modify system-level settings, group-level settings, or Configuration settings. Group — The employee has access to expense report configuration settings that are related to his or her group. The employee can do the following: View Expense Report Administrator settings. Review and change the status of expense reports for employees in his or her group. Change the passwords of employees in his or her group. System — The employee has access to all expense report configuration settings. The employee can do the following: Define expense report categories. Establish employee expense report groups. Set employee access to expense reports. Enable passwords for expense reports. Set expense report options. Monitor and change the status of expense reports. At least one employee in your firm must have system-level access.
Expense Report Admin Edit	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can edit expense report to which he or she has access.
Expense Report Admin Approval	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can approve expense reports to which he or she has access before they are posted. If you are using Vision's Time and Expense and Multicompany applications, at least one company in your enterprise must select the Require expense reports to be approved before posting option on the Setup tab of Company Expense Report Configuration in order for the Expense Report Admin Approval column to be available here. If you are using the Multicompany feature and you are using Vision Time and Expense, this column is only available if at least one company in your enterprise has Require expense reports to be approved before posting selected on the Setup tab of Company Expense Report Configuration.
Create User	This column displays the user ID of the person who created the record in the Employee Info Center.
Create Date	This column displays the date on which the employee record was created.
Modify User	This column displays the user ID of the person who most recently modified the employee record.
Modify Date	This column displays the date on which the employee record was most recently modified.
Allow Employee to Charge Units in Timesheet	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee is allowed to charge units on his or her timesheets.
Memo	This column displays the text entered in Notes on the General tab of the Employee Info Center. This column is blank if you do not have the security access that is required to view employee notes.
Activities - Completed	The activity can be Pending or Completed.
Activities -Type	This column displays the activity type (for example, Phone Call, Meeting, or Email).
Activities - Subject	This column displays a brief description of the activity (for example, Initial Consultation, Planning Meeting, Customer Lunch, or Follow-up Visit).
Activities - Start Date	This column displays the date and time that the activity is scheduled to begin.
Activities - Priority	This column displays the priority ranking that indicates the relative importance of individual activities: High, Medium, or Low.
Activities - Activity Owner	This column displays the name of the employee who is responsible for the activity.
Activities - Client	This column displays the name of the client associated with the activity.
Activities - Contact	This column displays the name of the contact associated with the activity.
Activities - Contact Bus. Phone	This column displays the business telephone number of the contact associated with the activity.
Activities - Opportunity	This column displays the name of the opportunity associated with the activity.
Activities - Project	This column displays the name of the project associated with the activity.
Activities - Marketing Campaign	This column displays the marketing campaign associated with the activity.
Activities - Lead	This column displays the lead associated with the activity.
Activities - Location	This column displays the location where the activity occurred or will occur.
Activities - Notes	This column displays additional text that describes the activity.
Benefit Accruals – Benefit Accrual Code	This column displays the accrual code for the benefit accrual (for example, the code for vacation time or sick leave).
Benefit Accruals – Hours Per Year	This column displays the number of hours the employee accrues for the benefit year.
Benefit Accruals – Change Date	This column displays the date on which number of hours the employee accrues each year is due to change. For example, if the employee will earn additional vacation time after being employed for one year, this is the date the employee begins accruing the additional time off. You set accrual change dates in the Benefit Accruals grid on the Accounting tab in the Employee Info Center.
Benefit Accruals – Has Carry Over Limit	This column indicates how Vision determines the maximum number of benefit hours that the employee can carry over from one benefit accrual year to the next: System — Vision uses the carryover limit specified for the benefit accrual on the Benefit Accrual Setup tab of the Time Analysis and Benefit Accrual form (Configuration > Accounting > Time Analysis Setup). Yes — Vision uses the carryover limit specified for the benefit accrual in Limit Carryover in the Benefit Accruals grid on the Accounting tab in the Employee Info Center. No — The employee can carry over all unused hours from one benefit accrual year to the next.
Benefit Accruals – Carry Over Limit	This column displays the maximum number of benefit hours the employee can carry over from one benefit accrual year to the next.
Benefit Accruals – Has Maximum	This column indicates how Vision determines the maximum number of unused benefit hours the employee can accumulate: System — Vision uses the maximum hours specified for the benefit accrual on the Benefit Accrual Setup tab of the Time Analysis and Benefit Accrual form (Configuration > Accounting > Time Analysis Setup). Yes — Vision uses the maximum hours specified for the benefit accrual in Has Maximum on the Benefit Accruals grid of the Accounting tab in the Employee Info Center. No — Vision enforces no limit on the number of unused benefit hours the employee can accumulate
Benefit Accruals – Maximum	This column displays the maximum number of unused benefit hours the employee can accumulate.
Clients – Name	This column displays the name of the client with which the employee is associated.
Clients – Relationship	This column displays a description of the relationship of the employee to the client.
Clients – Description	This column displays additional text describing the employee's relationship to the client.
Clients – Type	This column displays the type of client (for example, Commercial, Government, or Non-Profit).
Clients – Status	This column displays the current status of your relationship with the client: Active, Dormant, or Inactive.
Contacts – Name	This column displays name of the contact with whom the employee is associated.
Contacts – Title	This column displays the contact's title (for example, Director, Project Manager, or CEO).
Contacts – Client/Vendor Number	If the contact is linked to a client or vendor, this column displays the client number or the vendor number.
Contacts – Client/Vendor Name	If the contact is linked to a client or vendor, this column displays the client name or the vendor name.
Contacts – Phone	This column displays the contact's business telephone number.
Contacts – Relationship	This column displays a description of the employee's relationship to the contact.
Contacts – Description	This column displays additional text describing the employee's relationship to the contact.
Contacts – Address1	This column displays the contact's street address.
Contacts – City	This column displays the city from the contact's address.
Contacts – State	This column displays the state from the contact's address.
Contacts – ZIP	This column displays the zip code from the contact's address.
Direct Deposit – Seq	This column displays the sequence number for direct deposit. The sequence number determines the order in which direct deposits are made for the employee if multiple bank accounts are to receive deposits.
Direct Deposit – Bank ID	This column displays the bank routing number of the bank to which the direct deposits are made.
Direct Deposit – Account Number	This column displays the bank account number to which the direct deposits are made.
Direct Deposit – Account Type	This column displays the bank account type: Checking or Savings.
Direct Deposit – Direct Deposit Status	This column displays the direct deposit status: Add — You will initiate the pre-notification step for the direct deposit account with the next payroll or expense repayments processing run. Wait — You are waiting for bank verification of the employee's account. After you process payroll or employee expense repayments for the employee, the direct deposit accounts with the Add status are assigned the Wait status. Change the status to Active when you receive verification of the employee's account information. Active — The employee's account information has been verified, and the bank has approved direct deposit transactions to the account.
Direct Deposit – Payroll Method	This column displays the method for depositing the employee's pay in the bank account: Amount — Vision creates a deposit for a specified amount. Percentage — Vision creates a deposit for a specified percentage of the employee's total pay. Remainder — After making deposits in the employee's other bank accounts, Vision creates a deposit for any remaining pay amount. None — Vision does not deposit any of the employee's pay in the bank account. This column is only available if you use Vision Payroll.
Direct Deposit – Payroll Amount/ Percent	If Payroll Method contains Amount or Percentage, this column displays the amount or percentage Vision uses to calculate the direct deposit for the account. This column is only available if you use Vision Payroll.
Direct Deposit – Expense Repayments Method	This column displays the method for depositing the employee's expense repayment in the bank account: Amount — Vision creates a deposit for a specified amount. Percentage — Vision creates a deposit for a specified percentage of the employee's total expense repayment. Remainder — After making deposits in the employee's other bank accounts, Vision creates a deposit for any remaining pay amount. None — Vision does not deposit any of the employee's expense repayment in the bank account.
Direct Deposit – Expense Repayments Amount/ Percent	If Expense Repayments Method contains Amount or Percentage, this column displays the amount or percentage Vision uses to calculate the direct deposit for the account.
Education – Degree	This column displays the degrees the employee earned (for example, BA Bachelor of Arts, BS Bachelor of Science, or MA Master of Arts).
Education – Specialty	This column displays the specialty associated with the employee's degree.
Education – Institution	This column displays the educational institution where the employee earned the degree.
Education – Year	This column displays the year the employee received the degree.
Education – Proposals	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not this education information can be used in proposals.
Expense Report - Company	If you use the Multicompany feature, this column displays the company to which the employee is assigned in the Vision organization structure. This company is responsible for processing the employee's expense reports.
Expense Report – Group	This column displays the expense report group for which this employee has access to expense reports.
Expense Report – Editing	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can edit expense reports.
Expense Report – Approval	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can approve expense reports.
Files – Description	This column displays a brief description of the file or Web address (URL).
Files – File Path	This column contains one of the following: The complete path for an external file. This path includes the file name and extension. If you preview the report, you can click the file path to open the file. The address (URL) for a Web site, intranet site, file transfer (FTP) site, and so on. If you preview the report, you can click the file path to go to that address.
Files – Graphic	This column contains a Y or N (yes or no) to indicate whether or not the file is a graphic file.
Licenses – License	This column displays the names of the licenses the employee holds (for example, CPG Certified Professional Geologist or PE Professional Engineer).
Licenses – Earned	This column displays the year the year the employee became licensed.
Licenses – State	This column displays the state in which the employee is licensed.
Licenses – Number	This column displays the license number.
Licenses – Expires	This column displays the license expiration date.
Licenses – Last Renewal	This column displays the date the license was most recently renewed.
Licenses – Proposals	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the license information can be used in proposals.
Opportunities – Opportunity Name	This column displays the name of the opportunity associated with the employee.
Opportunities – Opportunity No.	This column displays the identifier of the opportunity associated with the employee.
Opportunities – Stage	This column displays the current stage of the opportunity (for example, Pending, Awarded, or Lost).
Opportunities – Role	This column displays the role of the employee in the opportunity (for example, Architect, Developer, or Owner).
Opportunities – Role Description	This column displays additional text describing the employee's role in the opportunity.
Projects – Number	This column displays the identifier of the project associated with the employee.
Projects – Name	This column displays the name of the project.
Projects – Long Name	This column displays the project's long name. If Long Name is blank in the Project Info Center, this column displays the project's short name.
Projects – Status	This column displays the status of the project: Active, Inactive, or Dormant.
Projects – Hours	This column displays the actual number of hours the employee has posted to the project.
Projects – Role	This column displays the role of the employee in the project (for example, Transportation Engineer or Geologist).
Projects – Description	This column displays additional text describing the employee's role in the project.
Projects – Start Date	This column displays the date your company started work or will start work on the project.
Projects – End Date	This column displays the date your company finished work on the project.
Resumes – Category	This column displays the resume category (for example, Profile-General or Experience-Medical).
Resumes – Resume	This column displays the description of the employee's experience related to the category.
Skills – Skill	This column displays descriptions of employee skills or disciplines (for example, Architect, Civil Engineer, or Interior Designer).
Skills – Level	This column displays the skill level. For example, Vision could be set up to provide the following set of levels based on years of experience: Entry 1-2 Years 3-5 Years 6-10 Years Over 10 Years
Skills – Primary	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the skill is the employee's primary skill.
State/Locale/Tax Jurisdiction – Locale ID	This column displays the identifier for the payroll tax ID.
State/Locale/Tax Jurisdiction – Active	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not Vision tracks the taxable wage for the tax locale. All active withholding codes must have an active tax locale.
State/Locale/Tax Jurisdiction – % of Wages	This column displays the percentage of his or her time that the employee spends working in the selected locale.
Timesheet-Company	If you are using the Multicompany feature, this column displays the company to which the employee is assigned in the Vision organization structure. This company is responsible for processing the employee's timesheets.
Timesheet – Group	This column displays the timesheet group for which the employee is able to access timesheets.
Timesheet – Editing	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can edit timesheets.
Timesheet – Approval	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the employee can approve timesheets.
Withholding – Withholding Code	This column displays the codes that identify the types of payroll withholding set up for the employee (for example, MA for Massachusetts income tax withholding). You specify each employee's withholding code on the Payroll tab of the Employee Info Center.
Withholding – Active	This column contains Y or N (Yes or No) to indicate whether or not the withholding is active.
Withholding – Print on Check	Print indicates that Vision prints the withholding amount on the employee's check. System indicates that Vision determines whether or not to print the withholding amount on the employee's check based on Print on paycheck on the Payroll Withholding Setup form (Configuration > Payroll > Withholding Codes). No Print indicates that Vision does not print the withholding amount on the employee's check.
Withholding – Method	This column displays the method by which the withholding is computed for this employee: Amount — Vision withholds a fixed amount. The Amount or Percent column displays that amount. System — Vision calculates withholding based on the default method set up in Configuration for the type of withholding. Percentage — Vision withholds a specified percentage of the employee's pay. The Amount or Percent column displays that percentage.
Withholding – Amount or Percent	If the Method column contains Amount or Percentage, this column displays the amount or percentage of wages withheld. If the Method column contains System, this column is blank.
Withholding – Filing Status	If the withholding is for a tax that requires a filing status, this column displays the employee's filing status (for example, M for Married, S for Single, or H for Head of Household).
Withholding – Exemptions	If the withholding is for a tax for which there are exemptions, this column displays the number of exemptions that the employee claims.
Withholding – Additional Amount	If an amount is withheld for the employee in addition to the withholding amount Vision calculates, this column displays that amount. (Examples: An amount to supplement federal or state withholding amounts to guard against under-withholding, or an amount to compensate for withholding too much or too little for prior paychecks.)
Withholding – Other Exemptions	If the tax locale distinguishes between types of exemptions, this column displays any "other" exemptions the employee claims.
Withholding – Limit	If the withholding has a limit on the amount that is withheld, this column displays that maximum amount.
Row Count	This column displays the total number of detail lines for each group, based on the sorting and grouping selections on the Sorting/Grouping tab. If the report groups data at more than one level, this column displays row counts for all grouping levels.